This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. Received: AugAccepted: JanuPublished: February 6, 2018 PLoS ONE 13(2):Įditor: Laura Frishman, University of Houston, UNITED STATES (2018) Daily visual stimulation in the critical period enhances multiple aspects of vision through BDNF-mediated pathways in the mouse retina. These results suggest that novel combination therapies involving visual stimulation and using both behavioral and molecular approaches may benefit degenerative retinal diseases or amblyopia.Ĭitation: Mui AM, Yang V, Aung MH, Fu J, Adekunle AN, Prall BC, et al. Daily OMR testing during the critical period leads to general visual function improvements accompanied by increased DA and BDNF in the retina, with this process being requisitely mediated by TrkB activation. Systemic delivery of ANA-12 attenuated OMR-induced visual enhancements. OMR-treated mice also had improved rod-driven ERG oscillatory potential response times, greater BDNF immunoreactivity in the retinal ganglion cell layer, and increased retinal DA content compared to controls. Daily OMR testing enhanced spatial frequency thresholds and contrast sensitivity compared to controls. Retinal DA levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. BDNF immunohistochemistry was performed on retina and brain sections. To determine the role of BDNF signaling, a TrkB receptor antagonist (ANA-12) was systemically injected 2 hours prior to OMR testing in another cohort of mice. Contrast sensitivity thresholds, electroretinograms (ERGs), visual evoked potentials, and pattern ERGs were acquired at P21. Daily OMR-treated mice were compared to littermate controls that were placed in the OMR chamber without moving gratings. We tested spatial frequency thresholds in C57BL/6J mice daily from postnatal days 16 to 23 (P16 to P23) using OMR testing. This study aimed to determine whether visual stimulation in the form of daily optomotor response (OMR) testing during the mouse critical period (1) improves aspects of visual function, (2) involves retinal mechanisms and (3) is mediated by brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dopamine (DA) signaling pathways. Visual experience during the critical period modulates visual development such that deprivation causes visual impairments while stimulation induces enhancements.
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